In a clear jurisprudential clarification, the Al-Azhar Global Fatwa Center emphasized that swearing falsely by God about an action one has already done while denying it is considered a major sin, commonly referred to as the “ghamous oath,” which immerses the person in wrongdoing.

The guidance stresses the necessity of sincere repentance, which includes genuine remorse, stopping the sin, and a firm commitment not to repeat it, along with restoring any rights affected by the false oath.

This is supported by the teachings of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, who warned against false oaths used to unjustly acquire others’ rights, highlighting the severity of such actions and the displeasure of God toward those who commit them.

Regarding expiation, the majority of scholars hold that there is no prescribed kaffarah for the ghamous oath, and repentance alone is required. However, Shafi’i scholars maintain that expiation should be performed alongside repentance, making the combination the more cautious and comprehensive approach.

In general, the kaffarah for an oath consists of feeding ten needy people, clothing them, or freeing a believing slave; if one is unable to do so, fasting for three days is required. Scholars differ on whether monetary compensation can replace food, with some allowing it when it benefits the needy.

Warnings have also been issued regarding the seriousness of false oaths at all times, with particular emphasis on moments of heightened accountability, reinforcing the importance of honesty and integrity in speech and conduct.

Ultimately, these rulings highlight the ethical foundation of Islam, where truthfulness is essential, and oaths are treated with utmost sanctity to preserve trust and social harmony.

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